Furthermore, models were developed using contemporaneous monitoring data (rather than extrapolating backward using input data from more recent years), and all models were evaluated, with performance statistics equal to those obtained in models for recent years.
The experimental results show that, the square voltage amplitude being 12 V, the actuator displacement amplitude is about 17 μm with backward direction signal input while being 1.5 μm under forward direction signal.
Bidirectional (B-LSTM) models are obtained by combining forward and backward processing of input data.
Data provenance, which captures how data elements are processed through the workflow, can aid in debugging by enabling backward tracing: finding the input subsets that contributed to a given output element.
On a higher level, for instance forward walking or backward walking, different sensory input is used to determine AEP and PEP.
High-level association cortices not only receive feedforward signals from sensory regions but also anticipate and reciprocate these inputs with backward connections conferring context-specificity and higher-level constraints (i.e. predictions) (Rao and Ballard, 1999; Friston, 2003, 2005; Angelucci and Bressloff, 2006).
Thus, the output waveform from a time-invariant filter, merely shifts forward or backward in time as the input waveform is shifted forward or backward in time.
The elements of input forward and backward prediction error vectors in Equations (23) and (24) are orthogonalized by using self-orthogonalization processors (SOPs), which are triangular-shaped processors in Figure 3.
The linkage multipliers trace how an economic sector is dependent on other sectors in both backward (the concerned sector uses input from other economic sector) and forward (the concerned sector's outputs are used as inputs by other economic sectors) directions.
Here, prediction error in LvOT refers to the mismatch between bottom-up inputs in the forward connections and top-down inputs from the backward connections.
In the motor system, as in all systems, backward projections mediate predictions of sensory input, in this case, proprioceptive input.
