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To illustrate: if a certain indicator is observed in years t1, t2 and t3 (with t1backward extrapolation of t1 from t2, and (v) the interpolation of t2 from the values in t1 and t3.
These values were determined using backward extrapolation from the velocity data at higher pressure (0.4 to 0.6 GPa).
A compressional wave velocity of V p = 6.04 km s-1 for dry quartz aggregate under ambient conditions was determined by linear backward extrapolation of the velocity data recorded at high pressures (0.4 to 0.6 GPa).
if no overlapping (i.e., T inter ij = ∅ ): d m ( z i ~, z j ~ ) = K i d pos ( z i ̂, z j 1 ) + K j d pos ( z j ̂, z i N i ) K i + K j (10) where z i ̂ is the forward extrapolation of z i ~, z j ̂ the backward extrapolation of z i ~, K i (resp. K j ) is the number of elements used to estimate speed from z i ~ (resp. z j ~ ).
Backward extrapolation to time zero was performed for those markers administered IV (sinistrin and PAH).
To assess potential adverse effects of past exposure, we compared three different backward extrapolation models.
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The first column shows the results for extrapolations up to 15 years (where forward and backward extrapolations have been pooled together) and the second column the results for interpolations up to 10 years (in the last case, 10 years mean that the extreme values that have been used for the interpolation are 20 years apart).
When using the values derived from backward extrapolations, our results did not change substantially.
Repeated PCB measurements collected in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s were used when testing the backward extrapolations.
Implicit and semi-implicit time integration techniques based on backward differentiation and extrapolation formulae are considered.
Since the LUR models were developed using measurements for more recent years (2006 2007), there are uncertainties regarding their extrapolation backward in time [ 23].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com