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However, since the influence of sleep spared backward associations, associative strength obviously represents a factor secondary to temporal order in declarative memory consolidation during sleep.
In this study we tested whether sleep-dependent memory consolidation affects the associative strength of forward and backward associations of a temporal sequence.
Thus, it could be even expected that the benefit from sleep for backward associations is greater than for forward associations, if the sleep associated consolidation process spares the temporal sequence characteristics of the trace.
Memory was better for forward than backward associations (p<0.01).
At immediate recall testing of triplets, memory for backward associations is generally inferior to the memory for the forward associations, indicating a difference in the encoding strength between the forward and backward associations [35].
Although the backward associations between the words are weaker than the forward associations, sleep benefited selectively the consolidation of forward associations.
Similar(51)
When one learns the Russian English forward association da yes," he also learns the English Russian backward association "yes"–da.
Additionally, with respect to differences within the groups, the sleep group was distinctly better in the forward as compared to the backward association (p = 0.007), but this effect was stronger for words in the 1st than 2nd transition (p = 0.008).
By means of logistic regression with stepwise backward elimination, associations were evaluated between SB and age, gender, body mass index, maternal use of alcohol/tobacco/medicine during pregnancy, maternal age at birth, parent's schooling, presence of sucking habit, nail biting, enuresis, number of children, child's order (first born), occurrence of divorce/parent's death, and AUQUEI scores.
For this, the volunteers performed exercises walking sideways and walking forward and backward, in association with musical stimuli.
The components of the test are orientation, information, concentration (counting backwards 20 1), saying alphabet backwards, adding by 3's up to 40, repeating short stories, repeating numbers forward and backward, learning word associations, and visual memory.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com