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The proposed BPSI creation solution makes use of the perspective motion model by warping quadrilaterals from both (backward and forward) reference frames to estimate each SI block.
Note that these transforms do not characterize the perspective deformation associated to a SI block but the deformations of blocks in the backward and forward reference frames.
where W b and W f are the warped blocks obtained from the backward and forward reference frames, P b and P f the motion compensated blocks obtained from the backward and forward references frames, d ¯ b the normalized temporal distance already defined in (13), and ⌊⌋ the floor operator.
Quarter-pel up-sampling - To provide a more accurate estimation for the possible perspective deformations, the backward and forward reference frames are first up-sampled with the H.264/AVC quarter-pel up-sampling filter [1]; this is performed so that the next steps can benefit from increased precision reference frames.
The main objective of this technique is to estimate the perspective motion, locally, notably for each block of the backward and forward reference frames, using as starting point the translational motion vectors obtained from the backward and forward (translational) motion estimation processes previously described.
In addition, the constrained block warping procedure described in the previous section is also applied: from a candidate SI perspective transform, two sets of transform parameters are calculated to describe the motion between the SI frame and both the backward and forward reference frames.
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Chapter 9: Looking Backward and Forward References Index.
"From Dawn to Decadence", a surprise bestseller last summer, is the fruit of that experience and a very personal work.The text is irritatingly dotted with backward and forward references, but Mr Barzun's voice is engaging, and he has something bold to say.
For all the references selected to be included in the review, backward and forward citation searches were performed in ISI Web of Knowledge.
First, a block warping procedure is applied where two warped blocks are generated using two sets of perspective transform parameters, derived (by solving (2)) from each of the perspective transforms T ˙ b and T ˙ f, one for each up-sampled reference frame (backward and forward).
Our solution is to modify the encoding order implemented in the H.264/AVC JM reference software: firstly backward and forward predictions are performed, and then the bi-directional predictions are performed (see Algorithm 1, lines 1, 2, 3, and 4).
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