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Postgame MVP chants rained down on junior backup signal caller Drayton Joseph after he entered the game for an injured Brendan Costello early in the second quarter.
Similar response to different cues allowed an increased accuracy in the IG prey female response, according to the backup signal hypothesis (Johnstone 1996).
Alternatively, multiple cues may provide the same information and allow increased accuracy of the IG prey response (backup signal hypothesis; Johnstone 1996; Rowe 1999; Hebets & Papaj 2005).
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By Dave Miller, National Football Post While it appears that Ohio State quarterback Kenny Guiton will be headed back to the sideline this weekend with Braxton Miller cleared by doctors to return to the starting lineup against Wisconsin at Ohio Stadium, the backup signal-caller's future could still be very bright.
Concurrently, cancer cells initiate other backup signaling pathways to repair DNA damage induced by radiation [ 14].
The results show that the multiple agonistic signals in eland reflect three separate components of fighting ability: (1) body size, (2) age and (3) presumably androgen-related aggression, which is reflected in three backup signals.
On this basis, we here present simultaneous support for the multiple messages and backup signals hypotheses, and we specifically reveal the knee-clicking sound of mature eland bulls as an honest indicator of body size.
Yet in a review of multiple signals used in mate choice, which focused primarily on multicomponent unisensory signals, Candolin (2003) suggested that multiple signals are more likely to be made up of nonredundant than redundant components ("multiple messages" rather than "backup signals"; Johnstone 1996).
However, in simultaneous support of the backup-signals hypothesis, the component presumed to be androgen-related aggressiveness was represented by three signal traits.
We predicted that if signal traits reflected the same quality, as proposed by the backup-signals and multiple sensory environments hypotheses, they would align with the same principal component.
One frequently used method to combat this is having backup quarterbacks signal in different calls alongside coaches, acting as dummy signal callers to perplex opponents while the "live" coach or player is the only one calling the correct play.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com