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For measurements with the magnetic field, a small permanent magnet was placed on the backside of the sample.
The seed layer was deposited on the backside of the sample; thus, the filling of macropores is limited to 'through' regions (Figure 4c,d).
However, since the samples are multi-layered, we could not observe any transmitted light from the backside of the sample and used ATR IR absorption technique to be able to complement the micro-Raman results.
For Si thin cells with only top NCs, d1 = 300 nm and there is no Ag back reflector at the backside of the sample so that we can investigate the antireflection property of top NCs merely.
Each patterned PDMS sample was fixated to a glass backing by applying oxygen plasma to the backside of the sample and bringing it into contact with the smooth cleaned glass plate.
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A photolithography step was performed on the backside of the samples to locally etch the oxide layer.
A highly pure graphite disk was used as a contact electrode to a backside of the samples during the electrochemical treatment.
By comparing the backside of the samples with the treated surfaces, no further etching of the surface could be detected apart from the etching already introduced by the artificial discolouration.
The two main signals were connected to the probe pads of the single SiNW devices, while the guard terminal was bonded to the backside of the samples to avoid any current leakage in the substrate.
To ensure an efficient ohmic contact in low-doped n-type substrates (ρ = 26 to 33 Ω cm), an n+ layer was performed on the backside of the samples by dopant diffusion or implantation.
A 130-W backside illumination of the sample was also essential to photo-generate holes into the semiconductor.
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