Because x-backs were randomly paired, they served as an approximate index of the upper bound of variability, or independence possible between two of a given participant's estimates.
Forty-five of 95 participants enrolled in a 12 week dosing trial of yoga for chronic low back pain were randomly chosen to complete a telephone survey within 48 hours of completing a paper questionnaire.
In the N-back, single consonants were randomly presented.
The error in the extracted parameters is based on Monte Carlo simulations, where back-calculated data were randomly changed according to the experimental error.
Specific to manual therapy, Kalauokalani et al [ 39] report on a secondary analysis of subjects with low back pain who were randomly assigned to receive either acupuncture or massage treatments.
Patients with NSCLBP, considerable disability (five or more points on the Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and medium or high risk of poor outcome on the Keele Start Back Tool (KSBT) were randomly allocated to either MMT or usual physiotherapy treatment (UPT) by an independent research assistant.
Two estimates of the same x-back display (identical patterns) were randomly paired, regardless of when each was presented during the course of the experiment.
One-hundred and two female patients with low back pain (n = 102) were randomly allocated into two groups, matched in terms of age, weight, education, socioeconomic status, occupation and some aspects of risk behavior.
In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 356 patients with definite AS based on the modified New York criteria, 30 a Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score ≥ 4, and a back pain score of ≥4 were randomly assigned to receive SC injections of placebo or GLM 50 or 100 mg every four weeks (Table 1).
In a study published last year, the Danish researchers recruited 40 pharmaceutical workers, mostly middle-aged women with back, shoulder and neck pain, who were randomly assigned to either a regular kettlebell workout or a control group that was simply encouraged to exercise.
We were unable to ascertain whether the additional records with look back and look forward comorbid conditions were randomly distributed between hospitals or over time.
