Sentence examples for background was calculated using from inspiring English sources
For ChIP analysis, fold enrichment of specific enrichment over background was calculated using values normalized to input.
For each PCR, the specificity of the amplifications was validated and the threshold cycle above background was calculated using Bio-Rad iCycler software.
Differences in medians for non-normally distributed continuous variables for each exposed group and urban background were calculated using Wilcoxon tests with a post-hoc Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
The statistical significance of these data, across the different dm genetic backgrounds was calculated using the two-tailed z test (Appendix 1 in Additional file 3).
The b-value of the background seismicity was calculated using hypocenters other than the target cluster within a range of ± 0.4° from the mainshock's epicenter of the target cluster.
The average background value was calculated using a subset of 1000 non-expressed genes found in the whole CATMA database.
The mean signal intensity of the region with the background removed was calculated using ImageJ National Institutes of Healthh, Bethesda, MD).
The correlation between each BMQ-D subscale and the background variables was calculated using Spearman's correlation coefficient or Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively.
The lesion-to-background ratio was calculated using the normal tissue of the respective tumour-involved organ as background.
After subtracting background fluorescence, EC50 was calculated using GraphPad Prism v5 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) to fit a constrained sigmoidal dose-response curve.
The tumor-background ratio (TBR) was calculated using the following formula; TBR = (post injection tumor intensity)/(post injection back ground intensity).
