Gravity wave transports of momentum, heat, energy, and minor constituents have a strong effect on background variations of the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), including the seasonal-latitudinal variations of the general circulation.
While ultrasonic waveform tomography has succeeded in detecting such features, recovery is difficult because it requires computationally expensive high-frequency numerical wave simulations and an accurate understanding of large-scale background variations of the engineered structure.
The large background variation of the atmospheric CO2 concentration commonly veils the variation due to the volcanic plume, but the parallel variation of CO2, SO2 and H2S concentrations was also obtained three times, and CO2/SO2 ratios were quantified with reasonable precision (Table 1; Fig. 6).
Thus, the phytochemical background variation of the extracts appeared not to influence significantly the activity of andrographolide in this in vitro assay.
These data demonstrate that DOX itself does not generally have a significant effect on life span, and illustrate the background variation of the assay, which is typically within the range of +/−5%.
For some neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, amperometric recordings likewise suggested background variations on the scale of minutes (such minute resolution appears not to be feasible using amperometric measures of ACh; see Table 1).
This pattern does not reflect the background variation of vegetation in California, which has areas with very similar and very dissimilar vegetation.
The monophyletic cluster possessed a within cluster pair-wise distance of less than 1%, compared with the background variation of 6%, which is consistent with HIV transmission over a shorter period of time.
The use of WT LH2 polypeptides to bind a range of carotenoids avoids the use of the R26.1 background, and further variations of the system are now possible, including combinations of different carotenoids with mutations that are already known to perturb carotenoid binding sites.
The statistical power of a toxicology study is determined by the interplay of three key parameters: the numbers of animals in each group to be compared, the underlying background variation in the value of a given parameter in the species population being studied, and the size of the effect produced by the test material administered.
Similarly, despite the weighted least squares matrix approximation algorithm being based on a rather straightforward decomposition method, it was able to reduce some degree of background variation in the data (Fig. 4).
