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For each substrate, C count as the background value was obtained from a flask without cells.
To estimate the transcript level of each gene, a background value was obtained by addition of the average background value to 2 background standard deviations.
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Background values were obtained from a blank with 160 µL dH2O.
For each probe used, subtracted background values were obtained from wells containing fluorescent probe without cells.
Results are expressed as % bound fB or properdin using the following formula:
Subtracted background values were obtained from wells containing DCF-DA without cells.
The optical density (OD) of wild-type and swe1 strains was measured over time, and a corrected value was obtained by subtracting background density (OD of media at each time point).
Background FRET values were obtained by imaging cells co-expressing eCFP and eYFP.
The background contaminant concentration values were obtained in soil samples collected from a virgin forest about 5 km upstream of the mine dump sites within the Mazowe Pote river system (Fig. 1).
The calculations reported included all patients irrespective of their ethnic background, but similar values were obtained when SLE patients with nephritis of non-Caucasian origin were excluded (in total, three nephritis patients carrying mutations and 19 patients without).
Above-background quantitative signal values were obtained for the Agilent microarray.
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