Spatial factor demonstrates the locality of contrast, while background similarity calculates the probability of each subregion belonging to background.
Liu and Chen [25] proposed a background modeling method, in which the background similarity using the mean and variance information is adopted to identify the background image.
Genetic background similarity analysis was performed at the Life Science and Technology Center, China National Seed Group Co., LTD (Wuhan, China), according to Infinium HD Assay Ultra Protocol (http://www.illumina.com/).
Since the merely intensity-based method may cause false detection in background areas with different illuminations from surroundings, a more reliable method is further proposed by introducing spatial factor and background similarity to the region contrast.
In addition, the whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array RICE6K was used to analyze the genetic background similarity of the selected NILs with respect to the recurrent parent Huahui938.
Figure 10 shows the ROC curves obtained from the minimum distance-based similarity and the matched background similarity (MBGS) of LBP features [68], the adaptive probabilistic elastic matching (APEM) [78], and the large margin multimetric learning (LM3L) [79] methods both of which use a fusion of SIFT and LBP features.
Background area used for each species in the background similarity test.
Another two parameters were changed to adjust the noise against the CHS recognition: (1) background similarity R, and (2) the number of inversions F. Background similarity reflects extensive duplications and transpositions of individual genes [ 13].
Additionally, two randomization tests were run in ENMtools to evaluate niche similarity and conservatism between sister species only: niche identity and background similarity tests [ 26].
