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These were assessed against the background set of all significant ASC-expressed genes in this study.
In both, the core set of early-induced genes was compared to a background set of all murine genes.
Rank percentiles were also computed to assess how well a gene ranked relative to the background set of all genes.
For each comparison of interest, genes that showed a FDR ≤0.20 and had ENSEMBL annotations were tested against the background set of all genes with ENSEMBL annotations.
Gene ontology (GO) [ 52] term enrichment tests were performed for individual gene co-expression modules compared to a background set of all genes expressed in blood using the Bioconductor packages GOstats (version 2.26.0) and GSEABase (version 1.22.0).
To account for these possible biases we conducted enrichment analyses with the set of contigs with and without signatures of selection against the background set of all 590 contigs each.
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To characterize the functions and interactions of the proteins encoded by mRNAs from this list, the top 60 genes which passed the 15% FDR cut-off and were more than 2-fold enriched were compared to the background set of the all genes in the mouse genome using Gene Ontogeny (GO) analysis through the DAVID Bioinformatics Database (Table 2) [32], [32].
Promoters were classified based on whether they contain at least one binding site, and enrichment in different expression clusters relative to a background set of promoters derived from all probesets present on the microarray.
We then scored each path using our context-sensitive algorithm, focusing on paths of length three to five. Figure 5A demonstrates the biological relevance of the top 5% scoring paths compared with a background set consisting of all paths of same length.
The paranome from each organism was used as test set in all cases, whereas the three different background sets consisted of all paralogs, all proteomes, and individual proteomes.
A background set of Arabidopsis best-hit gene products for all contigs in our data set was used for comparison.
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