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Although the association is generally stronger in studies in men compared with those in women, it is not clear whether this difference reflects the relatively low background risk of scleroderma in men, differences in exposure prevalence or in the reliability of exposure assessment (Messing et al. 2003), or a gender-related difference in susceptibility to the effects of TCE.
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Risk refers to background risk of cervical cancer mortality throughout.
*Depends on background risk of cervical cancer mortality.
Although exposure to silica dust increases the risk of scleroderma in men occupied in the industry, this does not explain most male scleroderma cases.
We decided that performing separate analyses for these groups was warranted because the substantial gender-related differences in the background rate of scleroderma and in the prevalence of TCE exposure provide additional rationale for examining gender-related differences in measures of association.
This change in perception of background risk is correlated to their real-life risk behaviors.
Her lymphoma may represent the background population risk of lymphoma.
These studies indicate that estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increases the risk of developing lupus, scleroderma, and Raynaud disease, although the increase in risk is relatively modest.
Furthermore, the importance of capillaroscopy for identifying RP patients at high risk for the development of scleroderma spectrum diseases was demonstrated [ 10].
Hg exposure has been associated with increased risk of lupus and greater severity of scleroderma (Arnett et al. 1996; Cooper et al. 2004).
Moreover, recent studies have reported increased risk of cancer in patients with scleroderma [ 69].
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