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The background rate of the process is defined by the constant μ k.
In this respect, we have quantitatively estimated how the background rate of the non-stationary ETAS model fluctuated on the northern side of the focal fault segments of the Kumamoto earthquakes, as shown in Fig. 3.
Under the better-fit model, the duplication rate in Sternorrhyncha increased ~11X above the background rate of the phylogeny for the AAAP family (Table 3).
The CODEML programme of Phylogenetic Analysis by Maximum Likelihood (PAML v4.2) (Yang 2007) tests whether a branch has an accelerated rate of amino acid replacements against the background rate of the other branches in a phylogeny.
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This setting provides a reliable reference for the background rates of the alterations examined.
Background rates of the outcomes were obtained from the CHS or from local surveys (Table 2).
The background rates of the P and F1 generations varied from 1.4% to 19.8% with a mean value of 12.2%.
The ability to assess a risk of a rare adverse event will depend on the availability of information concerning the background rates of the event in the population of interest.
Also, control individuals are not needed in affected relative pair linkage because the background rate of IBD (the rate of IBD in pairs of unaffected relatives of the same type) is assumed to be known.
If we assume release probabilities in the range of ∼0.1B0.3 (consistent with a binomial fit to the distribution of IPSCs observed in our voltage clamp experiments) we would obtain estimates of the expected background rate of uIPSCs in the range of 100B600 Hz, or less if some of the release sites were in severed axons or silent somata.
This algorithm is designed to identify significant driver SCNAs in human cancers by taking into account the frequency and amplitude of the SCNA and comparing it to the background rate of SCNAs across the genome.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com