For fish and mammals, the authors estimated that the extinction rate was slightly more than 50 times greater than the background rate; for amphibians the rate might have been as high as 100 times above the background rate.
And overall, the FDA says, the rate of cardiovascular problems among the patients taking the withdrawn drug does not appear significantly different from the rate with other, similar drugs used for the condition or from the background rate for people of the same age groups who are not on medicine.
Following this logic, we defined background ILI prevalence as the average prevalence from the initially less affected boroughs, Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island from the first survey, overall and by age group, and assumed the same background rate for the entire survey period.
Along with diagnostic issues, questions have been raised concerning the RI background rate for lymphoma/leukemia.
If this factor was to be ignored, then the background rate for late-replication regions would likely be underestimated, whereas the background rate for early-replicating regions would be overestimated.
As with replication timing, if this factor is ignored, the background rate for lowly expressed genes will be underestimated.
However, the mefloquine group had a significantly higher proportion of spontaneous abortions (9.1% vs 2.6%), although this was still within the background rate for the population studied.
However, a majority of the sub-clades (both terminal and more basal clades) have higher diversification rates than the background rate for the Furnariidae at both low and intermediate extinction rates.
According to Haseman et al. (1998), the background rate for lymphoma in these female mice, based on 1092 control mice used in National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies, is 19.9%, with a range of 6%to44%4% in all studies examined.
