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Epidemiological background of these patients was further collected.
The background of these patients included liver cirrhosis, warfarin treatment, continuing antibiotics and/or steroid use, traumatic injury and others.
The genetic background of these patients has been thoroughly studied and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have increased significantly the number of loci identified in MS predisposition [2], [3].
This finding is most likely to be due to the ethnically diverse background of these patients from the USA and the effect of recombination events throughout the preceding generations.
To allow a medical consultation to proceed successfully and to the satisfaction of the patient, it is essential that physicians are aware of the different linguistic and cultural background of these patients.
A range of issues was noted in the background of these patients which put them at high risk of hospitalisation, including mild cognitive impairment, substance abuse and low health literacy.
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The clinical backgrounds of these patients are shown in Table 1A.
In addition, the only data available regarding RANTES/CCL5 levels in PD are from a transgenic rat model for A53T α-Syn [38], or from sera and thus relate to peripheral dysregulation in the cytokine network associated with PD patients [68] [70], and although no information is given on the genetic background of these PD patients, these studies reported increased levels of circulating RANTES/CCL5.
The background of the patients is summarized in Table 1.
Another possibility for this discrepancy could be based on the socio-economical background of the patients included in previous studies.
First, the ethnic background of the patients was very different.
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