Sentence examples for background of infection from inspiring English sources
To ensure that these observations could not result from a background of infection by competent virus, parallel cultures were infected with wild type virus at an MOI of 0.01, a level of infection some tenfold higher than would result from the 'worst case' scenario using preparations of entry defective virions (see Methods).
In addition, no information was given on the frequency of shared epitope (SE), smoking and the possible influence of a tropical environment with its specific background of infections.
The most profound elevation of serum levels of GOLPH2 has been detected in patients who have developed HCC on the background of infections by HCV genotype 1b and HBV [ 17].
Chronic viral hepatitis is common among adults in many tropical and sub-tropical countries where dengue is endemic, and it has been postulated that dengue infection occurring on a background of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) may result in more severe liver dysfunction and/or hemorrhage than is usual in non-infected persons.
Indeed, some (or most) of the apparent background risk of infection in the absence of IDU could be due to inaccurate recall or report of ages of IDU.
Attributing causality of AGE to norovirus infection is complicated by the fact that asymptomatic infections may occur; healthy persons used in previous studies as controls have shown background rates of infection of 1%16%% (17 ).
sB = sensitivity of the HBV test sC = sensitivity of the HCV test Pxy = proportion of IDUs in year t with an injecting career length of τ with status xy allowing for the background prevalence of infection of HBV.
This paper has demonstrated that it is possible to identify cattle herds that are more likely to have a bTB breakdown, but the determinants of breakdown change as the background risk of infection changes.
The study population reflects a predominantly Caucasian cohort based in the UK, and so generalisations to cohorts of other ethnicities or in regions where the background rates of infection differ may not be appropriate.
This and other related studies have indicated a background of HIV infection in these types of TB [ 45].
