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The case fatality rate was applied only in the first year of the simulation (i.e. in the decision tree) and was applied to RSV-H patients only, whereas the background mortality was applied annually throughout the whole simulation to all patients.
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Another possible limitation of the present study was the way case fatality and CHD-specific background mortality were applied.
When the increased foraging mortality was applied to foragers at the food patch on each successful foraging trip, the impact on the colony was much larger (colony reduced down to almost 4,000 bees in June), as the mortality was applied many times per day and background mortality is higher than for in-hive life stages.
The CHD-specific background mortality was sourced from two publications and was applied to all years of the simulation.
Background mortality was derived from population life tables.
This background mortality was estimated using life tables of all-cause mortality rates in the population.
Background mortality was modeled using age specific mortality rates adjusted for the increased risk of dying after cerebral ischemia [ 21].
In this case, distinguishing a substance effect from the background mortality is more crucial, (KNK, SS, Wosniok W, submitted), [43].
A robust Edwards background correction was applied.
Local background filtering was applied and LOWESS was adopted to normalize the data [44].
Furthermore, internal standard background compensation was applied.
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