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There is now extensive evidence that chemicals classified as estrogens can have markedly different activities at different times in life, in relation to different background levels of endogenous estradiol, and different activities in different tissues.
Unfortunately, specific detection of the administered miR-143 and miR-145 in mouse intestine failed because the background levels of endogenous miR-143 and miR-145 after periodate oxidation were too high.
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PC3 cells were shown to have a background level of endogenous ERK5.
Also, removing endogenous background levels of P i from a sample may be required prior to analysis if there is a low signal:noise ratio or minimal treatment effect.
Normal cellular metabolism is well established as the source of endogenous reactive oxygen species which account for the background levels of oxidative DNA damage detected in normal tissue.
Surprisingly, however, pMITF-MCAT exhibited near background levels of activity in DTC1, Kao, MST-2 and MST-3 cells, indicating that endogenous EWS/ATF1 is unable to activate a transiently introduced Mitf-M promoter in CCS cells.
A non-smoker group provided background levels of BoE.
Only background levels of staining were observed (data not shown).
Background levels of genetic alterations.
We also assumed a background level of total metabolites Y0 (micromolar) due to endogenous and dietary sources of the individual compounds, particularly phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol (Kim et al. 2006a; McDonald et al. 2001).
This result suggests some endogenous pyrophosphatase of E. coli probably contributed to the background level of isopentenols, given the expression of phosphatase didn't exhibit any enhanced production of isopentenols.
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