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They also reported that seasonal variations in the nighttime TEC reveal semiannual periodicity with high background levels observed in the equinoctial months and low background levels in solstice over the Kenyan regions.
Following the trypsin treatment, the fluorescence in cells incubated with either peptide returned to background levels observed in untreated cells (Figure 1B, white bars).
High Dox concentration (2 mg/ml) reduced Luc activity by approximately 95% but not to background levels observed in LC-1 mice not carrying the αCaMKII promoter tTA transgene (Fig. 3A).
Significance in the C5a receptor blockade experiments was assessed by repeated measures ANOVA to determine whether levels of cytokines differed between cells treated with pfGPI alone, or anti-CD88 plus C5a and pfGPI, or student's t-test by comparing the isotype and anti-CD88 co-treated (C5a and pfGPI) groups after correcting for the background levels observed in media controls.
The data were quantified by calculating fold enrichment over background levels observed in experiments with untagged strains (Supplementary Figure S5).
Intraperitoneal application of BIRB796 (5 mg/kg BW), one hour before clamping, reduced p38MAPK activity to the background levels observed in sham-operated animals.
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To completely digest DNA and reduce the background level observed in qPCR, exonuclease III (ExoIII; Fermentas, Burlington, Canada) was added, as described elsewhere [ 9].
However, there need only be a subset of extensions undergoing purifying selection in order to make the preference deviate from the background level observed in distal 3' UTRs as we observed in our data.
Interestingly, the rate at which Bu-1alow variants were generated by the rev1: BU-1AΔ G4 clones was reduced relative to the parental rev1 mutant, but was still well above the background level observed in wild-type clones (Fig 2E).
Similarly, qRT-PCR analysis indicated that myo-sex transcript level in the recombinant females that acquired myo-sex was equivalent to the background level observed in females without the myo-sex gene, both of which were hundreds of fold lower than that of the males (supplementary fig. S1, Supplementary Material online).
To quantify the Fpg-sensitive modifications, the number of SSBs was subtracted, whereas the background levels observed with untreated controls were subtracted in all cases.
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