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The mean intensities of each chip, the mean intensities for negative or positive controls and the mean intensities obtained for random sequences (background level) were determined.
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The concentration at mid-depth is about 1.8 times the background level, which may be caused by the presence of produced water, or be the result of uncertainties, since the C/C a ratio of 1.80 at mid-depth for NE50 is not significantly higher than 1.23 at SE5000 from which the background level was determined (Fig. 10).
Background level was determined from spot intensities outside the gene probing area.
Background level was determined from the spots outside the gene probing area.
Then a background level was determined from an area of the spinal cord that did not exhibit CGRP-IR.
The background level was determined by calculating the averaged normalized intensity of 157 empty spots in all experiments plus 3 standard deviations.
The regional background level was determined as the difference between the modeled and the measured NOx and TSP concentrations (as measured at the network station in Munich Johanneskirchen).
The threshold cycle (crossing point) in which the fluorescence rises significantly above background level was determined by a second derivate maximum method with the use of the LightCycler™ quantification software.
Background levels were determined in assays in which the template DNA was omitted.
Background levels were determined from blank wells included on each plate (assay buffer added instead of sample), and the subsequent optical density was subtracted from all samples and standards prior to analysis.
Background fluorescence levels were determined by Fluorescence Minus One (FMO).
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