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This algorithm relies on a background estimation for each pixel signal from which we estimate the signal standard deviation.
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The background estimation is performed on the closest neighbors that definitely do not contain the target; for example, if the target is known to be at most two pixels wide, the background is estimated from the 16 surrounding neighbors, as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2 Pixels used for background estimation for a target of 2 × 2 pixels.
Further examination under highly expressed (>75% quantile) and lowly expressed genes (<25% quantile,) condition revealed that among highly expressed genes XBSeq performs only slightly better than DESeq, while XBSeq has much better AUC than DESeq among lowly expressed genes (Supplementary table S3), indicating the importance of background estimation for true signal estimation.
The computational model of multi-scale Retinex [13] uses the following equations to construct a filter for local background estimation of each pixel: (6).
Furthermore, a novel normalisation and background estimation procedure for tiling arrays is presented along with a method for array analysis focused on detection of short transcripts.
The seventh paper (R. H. Evangelio and T. Sikora, "Static object detection based on a dual background model and a finite-state machine") presents an algorithm whereby background estimation allows for detection of static (e.g., abandoned or removed) objects in crowded scenes.
Peak calling was performed by MACS version 1.4 [ 26] using shift size determined by the size of sequencing library inserts, and switching off local background estimation (as recommended for histone modification peak calling in the absence of a control immunoprecipitation). Peak calling was only based on reads mapping to a single location, excluding duplicates.
For each pixel, background estimation and variance are computed with nonlinear operations to perform adaptive local thresholding.
In BE-AAPSA, the objective is to create a robust background estimation model where the learning rates for each pixel are calculated according to the results of the two adaptive weight arrays and the module where the video is classified.
In background modeling and motion detection module, they employ an adaptive model for background estimation applying mixture of Gaussians and appearance patterns, thereby presenting a stable and robust background model.
In this paper we develop and implement the RLS method for background estimation of univariate data.
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