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where x is the pixel being examined, t is the known target signature, and m is the background estimation based on neighboring pixels.
We propose here an algorithm for background estimation based on a model in which the cost function is quadratic in a set of fitting parameters such that minimization can be performed through linear algebra.
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Moreover, we intend to intensify our work on quality estimation based on background knowledge.
Section 2 introduces the basic theoretical background of launching a valid FDIA against state estimation based on linear and nonlinear model; Section 3 introduces the models and solving method of the proposed two targeted attack scenarios.
Application of multitapers for the calculation of the ambiguity spectrum gives an increased robustness to jitter and background noise and a consequent improvement in performance, as compared to estimation based on the ordinary single Hanning window spectrogram.
The unemployment rate is an estimation based on a survey.
Section "TOA estimation based on ED" discusses TOA estimation algorithms based on ED.
Here, we focus on channel estimation based on pilots.
This is only an estimation based on the assumption of a uniform distribution but let's look at what it would mean for a local economy.
Estimation based on BLAST analysis.
Our power analysis was based on cardiovascular risk estimation based on the Framingham Heart Study [ 17].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com