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A field campaign was performed in 2007 to collect basic background data of the small scale farming systems and well water was analysed in 131 wells for nitrate content, pH and electrical conductivity.
With a bulk optical single total internal reflection configuration a detection limit of 3.74 molecules/μm2, with a bulk optical multiple total internal reflection configuration a detection limit of 1.83 molecules/μm2 and with the integrated optical waveguide (IOW) configuration a detection limit of 0.013 molecules/μm2 was numerically estimated based on background data of the bulk volume signal.
The background data of the entire KUB sample are described in detail elsewhere [ 4, 5].
Some background data of the participants were collected from responses to a short questionnaire.
Background data of the 929 children comprised in the analysis are listed in Table 1.
Additional background data of the ABIS cohort have been described elsewhere [ 24, 25].
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Background data on the diversity of circulating strains is needed to make this statistical assessment.
The study design recommended by Stones is ethnographic observation, supplemented by analysis of background data on the wider social context.
By comparing background data of OC patients in the 2012 2013 study and in the 2006 2007 study, the following differences were observed: (1) the frequency of xerostomia as a chief complaint increased from 24.6% to 37.5% of patients, (2) autoimmune disorders as a systemic disease increased from 6.7%too 27.6%, and (3) erythematous OC as a type of OC increased from 19.3% to 46.4%.
In this respect, preclinical approaches may provide important background data on the antinociceptive properties of HA.
We provide the first background data on the genetic structure of S. pneumoniae causing IPD prior to PC7V use in The Gambia.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com