He handily beat back challenges from five rivals, humbling his critics and putting his reform program firmly back on track.
But they had succeeded in beating back challenges in a string of special elections earlier in the year that gave them a false sense of confidence.
Created to test working memory, the N-back challenges users to keep track of a continuously updated list and remember which item appeared "n" times ago.
But many studio owners say they sponsor monthlong back-to-back challenges not to pad their pockets but to wake up students.
Mr. Jourden, 43, beat back challenges from 110 rivals from 14 countries, including Belgium, Britain, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden, but failed to surpass his own world distance record of 34 feet.
In the past, Microsoft has beaten back challenges and vanquished rivals, even when it came late to markets, as it did in the first wave of Internet technology.
For much of the night, he offered a competent, calm performance as he sought to turn back challenges to his experience from Mr. Cheney.
Mr. Gingrich taught college history and environmental studies for eight years before entering politics, and there is a pedantic side to his use of facts, the instinct to correct, impress, one-up, outdebate or otherwise beat back challenges.
It used to be that fund companies would aggressively fight back challenges from disgruntled shareholders.
Among the councils to watch are Cardiff and Swansea where the Lib Dems, who have led both authorities, will hope to hold back challenges from Labour.
The court of appeal backed the challenge but the government has appealed to the supreme court.
