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The backbone vector without a gene insert was rescued as a negative control vector.
The IgG expression cassette vectors are based on the backbone vector which contains two back to back polyhedron and p10 promoters.
The pCANTAB 5E phagemid was used as backbone vector (Amersham Biosciences) and the ssPelB was substituted by ssDsbA, hereafter called pCAD (Fig. 1a).
Thy-1 expression vector and the backbone vector pCDNA3.1.Zeo were generated as previously described [5].
The left and right homology arms were cloned into the backbone vector pDZ157 [64].
pcDNA3 backbone vector was also co-transfected for a constant final concentration of.3 µg.
YF-Tiam1 has a GEF domain (1012 1592) of Tiam1 (U16296) inserted into a YFP-FKBP backbone vector.
These sequences were then inserted upstream and downstream of the GFP or RFP sequences in the respective p417cyc backbone vector.
The gene fragments and backbone vector were ligated at 16°C for 16 h and then electroporated into E. coli DH5α competent cells for propagation.
The backbone vector without any enhancer insertion gave almost no GFP expression, in agreement with previous works (Table 1; see also [20], [37].
For the randomly-mixed library, equimolar concentrations of multiple oligonucleotide fragments for each region were ligated in the presence of the backbone vector (see the final section below).
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