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To scale the true ASA values, the ASA of the extended states of Ala-X-Ala for every residue × (ASA max) are used under the assumption that the absolute values include side chain and backbone surface area [ 73].
For the side chains, the areas are divided by the surface area of the fully exposed side chain to determine the number of each type of side chain exposed; the total backbone surface area exposed is divided by a fully exposed glycine backbone for the number of exposed backbone units.
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The backbone and surface of the VP1 protein are in black, VP2 backbone in brown and VP3 in blue.
The Jmol 3D shows the color subunit ternary BMP2 and BMPRs complex backbone in surface solvent accessible manner with yellow SS bonds and red H-bonds.
In contrast, spin labeling peripheral helices provides information about side chain packing, backbone dynamics, surface exposure, and changes thereof.
The unfused and non-self-cleaving Mxe GyrA intein-fused pCT4Re vectors were used as a backbone for surface display of the scFvs.
We used a steered molecular dynamics simulation to explore the compliance properties of the backbone of surface-exposed residues in several model proteins: interleukin-2, mouse double minute protein 2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Blue mesh, mFo-DFc omit map for GE (contoured at 2.5σ); blue sticks, GE; gray ribbons, RNAP backbone; green surfaces, RNAP residues at which substitutions confer GE-resistance; cyan sticks, additional RNAP residues that contact GE; gray and red sticks additional RNAP residues that coordinate Mg2+(I); violet sphere, Mg2+(I).
Furthermore, the variable backbone chemistry and surface eroding nature of protein-loaded PA microparticles within the film matrix ensured protein stability and enabled controlled protein release.
Based on high electronic conductivity facilitated by the 3D Ni backbone and fast surface redox reactions rendered by the ultrathin thickness of the Ni3S2 nanoarrays, high pseudocapacitive contribution for the charge storage is induced in the Ni3S2-Ni electrode.
A series of dendronized diblock copolymers having rigid backbone and reactive surface were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) from dendronized norbornene derivatives using the second generation Grubb's catalyst.
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