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So, it might also lead to higher levels of vector backbone integration.
Only when vector backbone integration frequency was compared between the marker-free (24%; Table 2) and marker-assisted transformation experiments (57%; Table 5) we found that marker-free transformation was associated with less vector backbone integration.
Marker-free transformation is less genotype dependent and less prone to vector backbone integration as compared to marker-assisted transformation.
Finally, we compared vector backbone integration frequencies among the different marker-free and marker-assisted transformation experiments.
In terms of vector backbone integration, marker-free transformation apparently produces a lower percentage (24%) of vector backbone integrations compared to marker-assisted transformation 40-500%).
Also the frequency of vector backbone integration tended to be lower in the marker-free transformations as compared to the marker-assisted transformations.
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We did not find significant differences in vector backbone integrations frequency when the different varieties or both of the marker-assisted transformation constructs were compared (Table 7).
Transformation and vector backbone integrations frequencies are binary data and, therefore, the Pearson Chi-square test was chosen to compare the independent samplings of transformation events in the different transformation experiments.
A high density of A. tumefaciens increased the transformation frequency; however, undesirable integrations of the T-DNA such as multiple-copy integrations at a single locus, with or without the vector backbone, or integration at multiple loci also increased in A. aculeatus, as previously reported in Blastomyces dermatitidis (Sullivan et al. 2002) and in Suillus bovinus (Hanif et al. 2002).
Degradation was not exclusively mineralization, and therefore, the breakdown of the polymer backbone and subsequent integration into the soil matrix have to be taken into account when determining the fate of the polymer.
Second, France wants the euro to be the backbone of European integration.
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