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The focus of network designers in the area of backbone design is on the choice of routing and switching equipment, the wide area protocols to implement, and the initial cost of the system.
Intra building backbone design between main cross connect (MC) or intermediate cross-connect (IC), and the horizontal cross-connect (HC) is usually straightforward.
However, when redesigning naturally occurring protein structures, most fixed backbone design algorithms return amino acid sequences that share strong sequence identity with wild-type sequences, especially in the protein core.
The approach decomposes the SND problem into two subproblems, Backbone design and Access design, and uses an iterative multi-stage method for solving the SND problem in a hierarchical fashion.
We find that such a flexible backbone design method better recapitulates protein family sequence variation than sequence optimization on fixed backbones or randomly perturbed backbone ensembles for ten diverse protein structures.
Comparison with phage display and other experimental data suggests that the peptide extension approach recapitulates naturally occurring peptide binding specificity better than fixed backbone design, and that it should be useful for predicting peptide binding specificities from crystal structures.
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Novel peptidomimetic backbone designs with stability towards proteases are of interest for several pharmaceutical applications including intracellular delivery.
Van Deutekom and colleagues 19 reported the administration of PRO051, a synthetic 20mer composed of 2′- O-methyl modified bases, on a phosphorothioate backbone designed to excise exon 51 during dystrophin pre-mRNA processing in patients with deletions of exon 50, 48 50, 49 50, and 52.
The first splice-switching clinical trial in a 10-year-old, nonambulant DMD patient used systemic administration of a 31mer ODN on a phosphorothioate backbone, designed to excise exon 19 and restore the reading frame around the DMD-causing exon 20 deletion.
This is referred to as "fixed-backbone" design and involves computationally cycling through predefined, low-energy conformations of a particular amino acid, calculating the whole structure energy for each conformation and finding the one with the lowest energy (Leaver-Fay et al. 2011; Kaufmann et al. 2010).
To determine the feasibility of targeting polypurine RNA with nuclease-resistant oligonucleotides, TFOs containing 2′-deoxy or 2′-O-methyl (2′-OMe) backbones, designed to form pyrimidine motif triplexes with RNA, were synthesized.
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