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The low back outcomes included self-reported symptoms as well as clinically defined disorders.
Fourth, our set of low back outcomes included symptoms as well as clinically defined disorders.
We did not adjust for physical activity because it was not associated with low back outcomes in our study population.
The cross-sectional associations of weight-related measures with low back outcomes at follow-up were studied with binary logistic regression models.
8 16 To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the lifetime burden of overweight and obesity on low back outcomes.
Since our outcomes were based on prevalence, we used prevalence ratios (PRs) to measure the longitudinal and odds ratios (ORs) to measure the cross-sectional associations between weight-related variables and low back outcomes.
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In 1997, Woertgen et al. [23] administered the PS in a prospective study on 121 patients affected by lumbar hernia who underwent surgery, comparing this scale with another lumbar disability scale (the low back outcome score LBOS).
Similar benefits from PLIF and PLF treatments of adults with spondylolisthesis were obtained at most time points and minimal clinically important differences in the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) [ 17]; but significantly more PLIF-treated adults (96%%) reported less long-term pain on the Low Back Outcome Score than PLF-treated adults with spondylolisthesis (50%%) [ 17].
The relevance of epidural fibrosis to failed back surgical outcomes remains controversial.
Studies suggest that psychosocial factors may be important modifiers of low back surgical outcomes.
These findings provide essential foundation toward evaluating the impact of SM and SMS on functional ability and other chronic low back pain outcomes.
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