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The beam diameter is expanded to slightly overfill the back aperture of the Olympus objective lens used for all experiments [26], ×20, numerical aperture (NA) = 0.5.
A second telescope (lenses F3 and F4, f = 500 mm) produces a plane conjugate to the surface of the SLM at the back aperture of the microscope objective (20x objective lens shown).
After passing through the polarizer, the laser beam passed through the microscope to the back aperture of the microscope objective.
The lenses in the telescope expanded the incoming trapping beam to fill the back aperture of the trapping objective lens.
In order to get a tightly focused, diffraction-limited spot at the sample, the back aperture of the objective has to be overfilled.
Laser power at the back aperture of the objective was measured with a power meter/detector (S 120 UV, Thorlabs, USA).
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By appropriately underilluminating the back aperture of an objective the point-spread function could be stretched in the z direction to match the excursion from the nominal focal plane caused by the frequency sweep.
Lens pair L3-L4 then projects the phase-modified beam onto the back aperture of a microscope objective (40×, 1.3 NA).
Beam shaping reflective optics, a pair of off-axis parabolic mirrors (OAP) with 2× magnification, direct the QCL emission to fill the back aperture of a 0.56 NA BD-2 glass (Ge28Sb12Se60) AR coated condenser (LightPath Technologies, Orlando, FL, USA).
A dichroic mirror (DM2) which has high reflectivity at 1064 nm wavelength directed the sufficiently expanded laser beam to the back aperture of our microscope objective.
After passage through a subsequent linear polarizer, the laser beam is expanded with a beam expander so that the TEM00 mode slightly under-fills the back aperture of a microscope objective (CFI60 100x, NA =1.45 or a 60x, NA =1.3, Nikon).
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