Some participants hope the plan will be a model for others, in New York City and beyond, who struggle with back-and-forth migration.
With so much back-and-forth migration between Mexico and the U.S., it's much easier now than just a few years ago to explain to people who I am and how I fit.
They were not part of our study, but they fit the demographic profile of the subjects of our research: birth to families displaced by war or strife, multiple-stage (including back-and-forth) migration, language difficulties and entry into harsh urban environments where gangs and crime are temptations.
Long-standing back-and-forth migration has been thrown off as the U.S. downturn dried up jobs — in construction and restaurants, for example — that once drew legions of Mexican workers.
Such movements are distinguishable from the back-and-forth migrations adults make between aquatic breeding habitat to which adults return annually with high site fidelity, and upland forested habitat where the non-breeding active season is spent (Licht 1974, Hayes et al. 2008).
During the translocation, beads showed 'ratcheting,' back-and-forth movement as observed in the migration of G1-phase nuclei.
First, apical-to-basal nuclear migration is not linear, but shows back-and-forth movement patterns.
The back-and-forth continues for weeks.
It's a back-and-forth conversation.
Part of that debate concerned illegal Mexican immigrants and the push by Mexico to create a more fluid flow of migration back and forth across the border.
For Puerto Ricans, of course, there has always been a great deal of migration back and forth between the island and New York in response to shifts in the economic climate.
