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But a possible link between exposure to it in pregnancy and microcephaly – resulting in babies with small heads and potential neurological damage – and other congenital malformations has been identified.
Dr. Landrigan said a "dress rehearsal" of the study, which began in 2001 with 1,500 subjects from New York and California, has already shown that pregnant women exposed to organophosphates in pesticides were more likely to have babies with small brains and impaired cognition.
Savino is one of three senior Brazilian researchers and officials who were asked by the Guardian to shed light on how a disease initially classified as harmless came to be implicated in the outbreak of microcephaly – the birth of babies with small heads and underdeveloped brains – which has now been designated by the World Health Organisation as a public health emergency of international concern.
So in November, when I saw those photos of babies with small heads and read those first articles that linked congenital Zika infections with microcephaly, I believed I might be able to predict the future.
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Further, the increase in the percentage of infant mortality among babies born with small body sizes was three times less as compared to the upsurge in infant deaths experienced among babies with average or large body sizes.
Zika has been related to a surge in babies born with small heads in Brazil.
However, because of the stigma around birth defects and the low standard of healthcare available in impoverished parts of sub-Saharan Africa, any past surge in the numbers of babies born with small heads and abnormal brain development might not have been recognised.
A few months later, Brazilian clinicians started reporting an unusually high number of babies born with small heads, a telltale sign of microcephaly.
Microcephaly (in this instance, referring specifically to babies born with small heads) is also not new.
After it spread to the Americas, doctors realized it's correlated with microcephaly, or babies born with small heads and potential brain damage.
Three trials [ 309- 311] and one observational study [ 312] assessed mortality impact in preterm babies, all with small sample sizes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com