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Zika has been related to a surge in babies born with small heads in Brazil.
However, because of the stigma around birth defects and the low standard of healthcare available in impoverished parts of sub-Saharan Africa, any past surge in the numbers of babies born with small heads and abnormal brain development might not have been recognised.
A few months later, Brazilian clinicians started reporting an unusually high number of babies born with small heads, a telltale sign of microcephaly.
Microcephaly (in this instance, referring specifically to babies born with small heads) is also not new.
After it spread to the Americas, doctors realized it's correlated with microcephaly, or babies born with small heads and potential brain damage.
Further, the increase in the percentage of infant mortality among babies born with small body sizes was three times less as compared to the upsurge in infant deaths experienced among babies with average or large body sizes.
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14 However, this study had a relatively small sample size of 100 women and a very small number of babies born with low birthweight.
The WHO declaration specifically refers to the suspected link to a cluster of microcephaly cases, or babies born with abnormally small heads - but a spokeswoman for the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) said neither case involved "a risk of pregnancy".
Most people who contract it have either mild or no symptoms, but it is suspected of causing a birth defect that results in babies born with abnormally small heads.
The declaration, made by the WHO director Margaret Chan, will trigger funding for research to try to establish whether the Zika virus, spread by mosquitoes, is responsible for the large numbers of babies born with abnormally small heads in Brazil.
WHO Director-General Margaret Chan declared in February that the cluster of babies born with unusually small heads, a condition called microcephaly, associated with an outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil should be declared a public health emergency.
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