Mr. Putin, the acting president and the clear favorite in the March 26 presidential election, keeps hammering away at variations of a single theme: the urgent need to restore the authority of a strong central government in Russia and bring its far-flung, free-wheeling regions to heel.
How early in the hierarchy of visual, temporal, and prefrontal areas are the representations abstracted away from variations in lower level stimulus form and position (DiCarlo and Maunsell 2003; Freedman et al. 2003; Hemond et al. 2007; Schwarzlose et al. 2008; Andresen et al. 2009)?
That's not an issue that is explained away by natural variation".
For a small variation away from the steady state, the linear perturbation method is utilized to reduce the model to an eigenvalue problem.
Now Richard Desmond's cheap-as-chips TV outlet, where you are never too far away from a variation on the CSI theme, or a Hollywood film starring no one you have ever heard of, has invested in Jim's never dimming smile to put a gloss on what some of us like to call the European losers' cup.
Recently, tools to study the phase variation away from a limit cycle attractor have been developed.
However, factors like the rate of convergence to the oscillator, strong forcing or high stimulation frequency may invalidate the above assumption and raise the question of how is the phase variation away from an attractor.
Higher level theories abstract away from irrelevant variation in lower level features and thereby arrive at generalizations that are explanatory precisely because they do not include features irrelevant to the phenomenon to be explained (Putnam 1975, Strevens 2008).
On account of the mechanisms above, many factors like the high interface tension in micro- or ultra-micro-fine pores and throats, adhesive layers along fluid pass away, pore volume variation by the compressible rock and fluid, particle migration, and crack extending, might cause a shift in the value of effective porosity under elastic wave.
All these factors may prevent the trajectories from relaxing back to the limit cycle before the next stimulus arrives and raise the question of the nature of the phase variation away from an attractor (that is, in transient states) and how much can we rely on the phase reduction (PRC).
