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Boltzmann claimed that no approach in natural science that avoids hypotheses completely could ever succeed.
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Therefore, research questions are open and researchers avoid hypotheses predicting relationships between variables.
Indeed, both the preceding (1871a) and his next paper (1871c) present alternative arguments, with the explicit recommendation that they avoid hypotheses.
In the late nineteenth century leading scientists such as Ostwald, Duhem and Planck were inclined to take thermodynamics as the model of how science should proceed, maintaining a secure and productive relationship with experiment whilst avoiding hypotheses of the kind involved in atomism.
(2) If helpers tailor their helping effort to avoid immediate predation ('risk avoidance hypothesis'), firstly, risky helping behaviours like territory defence should be reduced if immediate helper survival interests prevail (survival was reduced under predation [11]).
Additionally, the transmission avoidance hypothesis postulates that individuals should avoid parasitized mates to avoid getting infected themselves [ 5, 75, 76].
eSynth avoids such hypotheses in order to generate target-focused compound datasets, yet without any bias toward a specific scaffold.
This permutation-based method avoids parametric hypotheses and handles multiple testing issues inherent to microarray data.
The functional avoidance hypothesis suggests that people retrieve overgeneral memories as a method of avoiding negative affect [ 25].
In order to avoid the hypothesis of microstructural periodicity, a three-dimensional cluster with three initially spherical voids, is modeled.
In this paper, we can find a version of Lemma 9 avoiding the hypothesis (FM-6) (see [[16], Lemma 1.7]).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com