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Content validity (Kline [2000], p24) was targeted by choosing response items promoting self-awareness and avoiding response sets generating socially desirable answers.
Fluency refers to the ability to maximize the production of responses under constraint of time and restricted search conditions while avoiding response repetition [4].
In other words, relatedness causes utilization of the available genetic variance, thereby avoiding response in the 'wrong' direction.
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Another advantage of our design is that it maintains natural co-variation between hormones and other egg constituents, thus avoiding responses due to unnatural egg composition.
There are 12 items relating to each characteristic, or 'subscale' (total of 36) and 11 items were reverse scored to avoid response bias (see [40], for more details).
The left-right on-screen position of the lotteries, and position of the 4 cards within each lottery were randomised, to ensure attention to the task, and to avoid response habituation.
Reverse scoring of some items also avoided response sets.
Several items were reversed to avoid response patterns.
We used an inverted score scale to avoid response style bias, such as consistently responding yes.
To avoid response bias from parents and/or children, two procedures were followed.
The order in which the possible choices were presented was randomised for each respondent to avoid response bias.
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