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A significant number of these proteins are able to bind to different endothelial receptors such as CD36 or ICAM-1, leading to sequestration of infected red blood cells from the blood stream, thus avoiding clearance by the immune system and the spleen [8].
Sequestration - the process in which parasitized erythrocytes pack the microcirculation, avoiding clearance by the spleen but physically obstructing blood flow - correlated with plasma lactate concentrations before and after resuscitation in PRISM [ 25] and on admission in two other Bangladeshi series [ 28, 29].
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Preloading of rolling element bearings is often used to avoid clearance in the bearings and achieve precise dynamic requirement.
Nanoparticle size and surface charge must also be carefully selected in order to maintain long circulation times, allow tumor penetration, and avoid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES).
Particles similar to red blood cells in size demonstrated longer circulation times, suggesting that this size and shape of deformable particle is uniquely suited to avoid clearance.
The fraction of the tracer which is not bound to the RBCs should be minimal at the time that the injection bolus reaches organs such as the liver or kidneys to avoid clearance through these excretory organs.
Switching PfEMP1 expression allows intra-erythrocytic Plasmodium to avoid clearance by the host spleen.
MAP bacteria have been generally known to harness molecular mimicry as a strategy to avoid clearance [6].
Many mycoplasmas have developed multi-gene families as a resource for antigenic diversity and means to avoid clearance by the host's immune system [71].
Sequestration is believed to contribute to high parasite densities by enabling large numbers of mature parasitized RBCs to avoid clearance from the blood stream by the spleen [18].
Together these results explain the clinical finding that B. parapertussis avoids clearance by the current vaccines, and provides a mechanistic understanding that will guide new approaches to overcoming this problem.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com