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The Handicap Principle proposes that the honesty of social signals is ensured by the cost paid to produce or maintain their expression, thus avoiding "cheating" and reinforcing the evolutionary stability of the signaling system [3], [4].
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We also found that the proposed auction is cheat-proof and, thus, can avoid cheating behaviors in the auction process.
The United States agreed, with the rest of the world, to use 1990 as the "baseline year" for comparing emissions levels, to avoid cheating on emissions reduction targets.
For instance, in the mutualism between client fish and cleaner fish in which cleaner fish obtain food from removing client parasites, client fish recognize and avoid cheating cleaners that also bite healthy tissues (Bshary, 2002).
This means you should do your own work, avoid copying, and avoid cheating at all costs.
A trainer will also provide encouragement and help you avoid cheating or shortening workouts.
They might be single, or open to a relationship (but avoid cheating - see warnings below).
All the corrupting messiness of experience has been avoided, cheated.
It should also take place in a public ceremony watched by other men, to avoid cheating or free-riding.
Countries might set their own targets, but once set, to avoid cheating they must have a legal obligation to meet them.
This leads to a dynamic contracting over the life-cycle of an IJV, in order to avoid cheating and to enhance co-operation on a cultural and managerial level.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com