To avoid outcome reporting bias, it is preferable that one outcome measure and end point is specified, 19 but this is not always the case.
Using existing databases can also help to avoid outcome attribution failure because data of non-participating hospitals can be used as control data (e.g. for cohort effects).
To determine the degree of adherence to treatment (and thus avoid outcome dilution effects) [ 41], the number of doses taken orally and received by injection will be recorded.
Avoiding outcomes that amount to little more than greenwashing and empty promises is a key concern for the Paris organisers.
On Tuesday, the Ministry of Justice called on public bodies to review how they apply human rights law to avoid outcomes that Cameron said "fly in the face of common sense, offend our sense of right and wrong, and undermine responsibility".
At its most fundamental level, much of goal pursuit revolves around pursuing outcomes that are pleasurable or adaptive, and avoiding outcomes that are not.
Hence, listening to patients is a powerful strategy to explore what patients specifically need from treatment services, potentially avoiding outcomes or early treatment drop-out.
Studies have shown that people are regret averse: When choosing they avoid outcomes that they anticipate they will regret (e.g., Josephs, Larrick, Steele, & Nisbett, 1992; Zeelenberg, Beattie, van der Pligt, & de Vries, 1996).
But the two companies avoided the outcome they most feared: a recommendation that the drugs not be used by any cancer patients.
No one is asking what Cecil could have done differently, how he could have avoided this outcome or which of his minor missteps justified a violent death.
Lind avoided that outcome on the most serious charge, but his several convictions on Espionage Act violations still carry potentially grave consequences for press freedom.
