There is increasing evidence that pain-related fear influences the development and maintenance of pain disability, presumably mediated through the fear-related avoidance of valued activities.
PREF values are bound between 1 and −1, positive values indicating preference for and negative values avoidance of AM.
This was especially true for the S form, which exhibited avoidance of the evergreen forest (negative value of the marginality factor and high value of the first specialization factor for this EGV; Additional file 1), preferring the dry savanna and deciduous forest.
The strategy is rather conservative: It values avoidance of mistaking what is a true social ecologic effect interwoven with a neurotoxicant more highly than the converse, which would represent a type II error.
Values and preferences articulated by the Work Group included: a desire to be inclusive in terms of meeting criteria for AKI; a progressive approach to risk and cost such that, as severity increased, the group put greater value on possible effectiveness of strategies, but maintained high value for avoidance of harm; and intent to guide practice but not limit future research.
An N.R.A. spokesman said the Eddie Eagle program had been designed in conjunction with child psychologists and effectively presents a message of avoidance without making value judgments about the morality of guns or firearms ownership.
Little is known about how animals integrate multiple sensory inputs in natural environments to balance avoidance of danger with approach to things of value.
This time it was a binge lasting a couple of days followed by a total avoidance of any food with nutritional value.
We counted the number of larvae (excluding the individual target larva, of course) located on the AM side (@AM), on the EM side (@EM) and along a 1 cm wide middle strip (@MIDDLE) and calculated preference as: (1) A positive PREFGROUP value [−1; 1] thus indicates preference for AM, while avoidance of AM would show by negative values.
Although Islam advocates resistance in the face of aggression and allows the oppressed to defend their collective and individual dignity and human worth, there are also numerous references to compassion, moral standards, ethical values and avoidance of extremism in the Holy Qur'an.
