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9 To avoid survival bias as patients who were selected for the study would have to survive enough to have the procedure a landmark time was used.
Empirical findings show that Chinese entrepreneurs prefer to gain advantages through "learning from the first" in order to avoid survival risk and failure due to the "liabilities of foreignness" (Sapienza et al., 2006).
In this way, both genotypes similarly avoid survival costs of reproduction associated specifically with egg production.
Prospective studies can avoid survival bias by including all incident cases during follow-up, including fatal cases.
To avoid survival bias, we randomly selected one admission per year for patients with more than one admission for the same diagnosis during any study year.
As the date of vaccination, we used the date of registration instead of the actual day of vaccination to avoid survival bias [ 18].
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Two of these studies used a retrospective anonymized design with analysis of Ashkenazi founder mutations in archived paraffin-embedded tumor blocks, avoiding survival bias and inclusion bias, but raising questions about the generalizability to other populations.
The predicted survival was based on a prognostic model that used cases over the whole period to avoid the survival effect of changes in treatment between the different periods.
Of the remaining 1,045 cases, for each trainee we used only the data corresponding to the first 30 patients to avoid introducing survival bias.
Date of fracture was consequently set to the first of the month to avoid negative survival time.
In addition, with the aim of validating these results and to avoid a survival advantage of patients who died very early after ICU admission, logistic regression analysis was performed excluding patients who died within the first 48 hours in the ICU.
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