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First, we generated a list of every possible trial within the following constraints: each lottery had three outcomes (three pie chart segments); outcomes were between 0 and 8 points; the smallest allowable probability was 0.1 (to avoid probability distortion); and the smallest allowable probability increment was 0.05.
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Although continuity corrections [ 24] could be used to overcome the divide by zero problem, the Bayesian model [ 22, 23] simultaneously models all 5 probabilities for each treatment and control, allowing them to sum up to 1 and avoiding probabilities >1 for a specific probability, thus overcoming both difficulties in a consistent manner.
The value 10-20 is also a pseudo probability to avoid zero probability for decoding the HMM later.
For Howard, who was widely believed to want to join his friend Deron Williams with the Nets in Brooklyn next season, staying put allows him to avoid the probability of sitting out the playoffs in New Jersey.
You have to have a wide portfolio if you wish to avoid the probability of being wiped out through choosing a handful of unlucky companies.
To avoid any probability distribution assumption bootstrap statistics were applied comparing the data distributions against bootstrap distributions, which had been drawn at random from the pre-stimulus baseline and applied 200 times.
Pseudo-counts could be added to avoid zero probability.
To the frequencies of each site of the PWMs we added one (to avoid zero probabilities) and calculated the probabilities of each of the four bases at each position.
Some scenario developers avoid assigning probabilities to the developed scenarios [19].
To avoid zero probabilities, all RPKM numbers are added by 10-10.
To avoid saturated probabilities (and handle subtrees with very few sequences), we use add-one pseudocounts (Durbin et al., 1998).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com