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Although improved implant design and surgical techniques have led some to advocate for operative treatment, high rates of wound complications, particularly with use of the extensile lateral approach, have been touted as reasons to avoid operative fixation of calcaneus fractures.
Even after such combinations of tests, some patients cannot avoid operative evaluation to ascertain whether resection is feasible.
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The risk ratios for benefit (the risk ratios for avoiding operative treatment) are all near 1, because the outcome event is rare.
Therefore, endovascular treatment was preferred to achieve hemostasis and avoid prolonged operative time, because extensive pleural adhesions were anticipated from a history of repeat thoracotomy.
It is also predictable that surgeons may be less likely to pursue every sentinel node in a basin when they suspect that the initial sentinel node has a very high likelihood of harboring metastases (to avoid extensive operative manipulation of a basin that will require completion dissection).
This particular technique, developed by Audenaert and Pattyn, has been suggested to avoid post-operative bleeding and reduce operating time.
people with trusting dispositions co-operate better, whereas people with distrusting predispositions tend to avoid co-operative activities, fearing exploitations.
Therefore, there could be an argument that we should target early (pre- and early intra-operative) fluid loading/optimisation and then move to target late (end of surgery) active fluid restriction to avoid post-operative fluid overload and late complications.
The subcutaneous administration of nalbuphine in combination with lidocaine was requested by the animal ethics committee in order to avoid post-operative pain after termination of isoflurane anaesthesia.
Animals in the nalbuphine group received 2 mg/kg nalbuphine subcutaneously for analgesia after anaesthesia induction, but prior to instrumentation, the subcutaneous administration of nalbuphine in combination with lidocaine was requested by the animal ethics committee in order to avoid post-operative pain after termination of isoflurane anaesthesia.
Bone metastases are often hypervascularized: in some bone surgeries (e.g. surgical decompression in hypervascular vertebral metastases), embolization with micro beads is required to avoid intra-operative blood loss [8], [9].
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