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In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), high-gradient dose is delivered and target volumes have to be delineated precisely in order to avoid irradiation of healthy tissue.
To accurately model the cumulative need for radiotherapy in trials designed to delay or avoid irradiation among children with malignant brain tumor, it is crucial to account for competing events and evaluate how each contributes to the timing of irradiation.
In trials designed to delay or avoid irradiation among children with malignant brain tumor, although irradiation after disease progression is an important event, patients who have disease progression may decline radiotherapy (RT), or those without disease progression may opt for elective RT.
Due to this recent evidence and in order to avoid irradiation of the orbit, MRI will be the modality of choice, even if both techniques are available.
Albeit operator-dependent and lacking panoramicity, the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows younger patients to avoid irradiation from repeated CT studies [26].
Unless contraindicated by claustrophobia, early pregnancy, metallic foreign body in vital sites, cardiac pacemaker or other implanted devices, the use of MRI is increasingly appealing to avoid irradiation of the reproductive organs [16].
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Moreover, the benefit of a therapeutic strategy aimed at delaying or avoiding irradiation has not been demonstrated.
Theoretically, this technique has the potential to allow higher doses to be delivered to the active tumour tissues, while avoiding irradiation of adjacent normal structures.
Experiments were performed using immunocompetent recipients injected with 1000 BCR-ABL1+ cells, thus avoiding irradiation-induced changes to the microenvironment.
In patients previously irradiated for HD, ELIOT can avoid repeat irradiation of the whole breast, permit BCS and decrease the number of avoidable mastectomies.
When treating large or central tumors, relatively large volumes of the lung, main bronchus, trachea, and esophagus, for example, are irradiated, and it is therefore preferable to avoid unnecessary irradiation as much as possible.
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