His lawyer, Robert Osuna, had asked that his client be allowed to avoid prison, contending that Mr. Montoya's actions had not put infants at risk.
Colleges seeking to avoid unionization contend those pacts are no better than what could be obtained without the unions.
As improved technology brings higher-quality downloads and high-definition video streaming, even the most persnickety orchestra and opera fans can find reasons to avoid live events: why contend with traffic, parking, audience sniffles or a plain old off-night on stage?
The opposition presidential candidate, Morgan Tsvangirai, who led Mr. Mugabe in the first round of voting on March 29, but not, according to official results, by enough to avoid a runoff, has contended that the South African president favors Mr. Mugabe and he has demanded that he step aside as mediator.
That science-based, interstate enforcement effort alone, EPA research contends, will avoid somewhere between 13,000 and 34,000 premature deaths each year.
Artists employed the "camouflaged, clandestine language of the spy" to sneak work about homosexuality and AIDS past the "immune system" of an art world that wanted to avoid such work, Katz contends.
The crucial issue in the case was whether the trades were bona fide transactions that carried a potential for profit and a risk of loss, as Compaq argued, or were shams intended solely to avoid taxes, as the I.R.S. contended.
Dean Martin, the state's treasurer and a candidate for the Republican nomination for governor this fall, has derided the sale as a one-time gimmick used to circumvent the state's debt limit and avoid the hard choices he contends Arizona needs to make about what he calls "unsupportable spending".
"Phones are devices you use to avoid talking to people," she said, contending that text messages are much more efficient.
Most Internet providers have policies that ban spam from their networks; some providers have sued spammers, contending that tactics used to avoid detection are illegal.
