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No recent outbreak of avian influenza has resulted in human epidemics (though, since 1997, five avian outbreaks have infected a few people by direct transmission from birds).
Since 1997, avian outbreaks with some subtypes of influenza A viruses have been reported to cause mostly mild or inapparent infection in humans.
Alongside these massive avian outbreaks, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported more than 300 confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1), approximately two thirds of whom have subsequently died [ 4].
The H5N1 viruses that caused the initial human outbreak in Hong Kong in 1997 and subsequent avian outbreaks in 2001 and 2002 evolved through a series of genetic reassortments, which gave rise to a dominant H5N1 genotype in chickens and ducks that was responsible for the regional outbreak in 2003 to 2004.
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The mystery behind the avian outbreak that inspired one of Alfred Hitchcock's greatest films may have finally been solved.
Following notification of the avian outbreak by Animal Health, the UK government agency responsible for livestock health, to the public health service, an outbreak control team was convened to lead the response in accordance with UK and WHO guidelines [ 1].
3, 4 Worldwide, there have been 7,030 avian outbreak reported through July 2011, 60% of which have occurred in Southeast Asia and 56% from the Lower Mekong Region (i.e., Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam).
On a smaller geographic scale, H7 HA sequences from within avian influenza outbreaks, such as the Italian H7N1 outbreak of 1999 2000, clustered together.
As the prevalence of avian influenza outbreaks increase, familiarity increases and the ability to control outbreaks improves.
"Our response to this outbreak follows tried and tested procedures for dealing with avian flu outbreaks and we expect the cull to be completed later today.
Live markets are also thought to be the source of recent avian flu outbreaks in New Jersey.
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