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In agreement with other studies, the results show that the soil moisture variability changes according to the average value within the field, with the standard deviation reaching a maximum value under intermediate mean soil moisture conditions and the coefficient of variation decreasing exponentially with increasing mean soil moisture.
We proposed a way of real-time reconstruction of the response by representing the difference of the insertion losses as well as the difference of frequencies calculated on the basis of the phase average value within a specified frequency range near the resonance.
The scaling factors were derived from the MWR spectra within ±3 h of the ozonesonde measurement time, and then the average value within ±3 h (i.e., average of at most 6 data) was calculated.
Displacements of the centre of foot pressure on the antero-posterior (CoPx) and medio-lateral (CoPx) axes were calculated using the following approximation: ΔCoPx = ΔMy/Fz and ΔCoPy = −Δ Mx/Fz in which ΔMy and ΔMx were a change of the torque with respect to its baseline value (defined as the average value within the time interval from 0 to 30 s).
An activation measure was calculated from the impulse response as the difference between the average value in the movement block and the average value within the rest block, after discarding the first three time points of each to allow for transition effects.
Expenditure in inpatients, hospital services (including also emergency services) represented in the average of our sample of Italian LHAs only 44% of the overall expenditure, versus an average value within the OECD countries of 53% of overall healthcare expenditure.
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Spatial information was calculated for each individual cell in non-overlapping 2 cm spatial bins as described earlier (Skaggs et al., 1996) and the average values within-sessions/conditions were normalized for each genotype by the average values during FamRun1 (de novo and contiguous conditions) and FamRun2 (disjunct condition) to compare the across session changes in both genotypes.
The idea was to only average values within the threshold because the mean value would be of all signals we did not consider inputs.
The curves show the average values within each interval and the error bars show the estimated standard error in calculating the average.
The plots represent average values within each of four vertical levels, 0.2 1.8 m (1)., 1.8 – 3.3 m (2)., 3.3 3.6 m (3)., and 3.6 4.7 m (4 ., and rhodamine was added below the thermocline at the start.
Consequently, both mechanical parameters were determined using the curves obtained from the CSM loading scheme (Figure 3b,c) by taking the average values within the penetration depth of 40 to 60 nm.
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