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Tree demography responded to management change especially of mature stands: Average tree size and stocking density of stands increased.
Concomitant with the increase in tree density and average tree size was the contraction of the grass-dominated areas of the savanna, which represented ∼50% of Little Bald Hills in 1942, but less than 10% in 2009.
They depict the relationship between stand density, average tree size, stand yield and dominant height, based upon relevant ecological and allometric relationships such as the self-thinning rule, the yield-density effect, and site index curves.
The potential for multiple ESs could be largely explained in terms of forest structure as being emphasized to sparsely populated, spruce-dominated old forests with large average tree size.
This change in tree species composition, together with more direct effects of management, such as thinning and harvesting operations, alters average tree size, canopy cover and understorey diversity in the stand18, all of which can affect a range of services such as soil nutrients, C storage19,20 and cultural services.
Based on the simulation results, the use of Landsat pixel reflectances to estimate volume per ha, average tree size (i.e., quadratic mean diameter), and stems per ha did not show great promise in improving estimates for each polygon over using forest cover data alone.
Similar(41)
In general, stand density, mean tree size and average competition were expected to be significant predictors of changes in both size and size increment inequality.
Overall, some combination of stand density, mean tree size and average competition index were significant predictors of size inequality at all sites.
The inequality of size was related to variables reflecting long-term stand dynamics (e.g. stand density, mean tree size and average competition, as quantified using a distance-weighted absolute size index).
With the exception of the nutrient-rich site at Thompson, density, mean tree size and average competition were significant predictors of size inequality at all four sites (Table 2).
Some combinations of density, mean tree size and average competition were also significantly associated with changes in the inequality of size increment at all but the rich site at Candle Lake, where only stand-level annual volume increment (in this case lagged by 1 year) was a significant predictor (Table 2).
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