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Next, we sought to evaluate the minimum distance over which slow-translating codons can cluster and effectively lower the average translation rate below the threshold.
For the most extreme example, the translation rate is approximately e1.9 = 6.6 fold lower than the average translation rate.
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Left panels: distributions of average translation rates in different codon ranges, as estimated from mean codon densities in different proteins (similar to Figure 5A ).
For example, highly expressed proteins may not necessarily require large quantities of mRNA if they have higher than average translation rates.
Single isolated codons that are read by minor tRNA cannot significantly slow down the global translation rate; rather groups of such codons within a short sequence segment can reduce the averaged translation rate below the threshold (Figure 1).
The number of ribosomes involved in the synthesis of protein from an individual gene g at any given time, R g, was calculated as: R g = F g × L ORF, g / ε where ε is the average translation elongation rate in codons per second.
Note that, for a given promoter, the average protein level p is related to the average mRNA level m by the ratio of the translation rate λ and protein decay rate μ, that is, (45) p = λ μ m.
Though simplified, the TASEP-based models have been used for obtaining such steady state information as the average occupancy of each codon on the mRNA, the mRNA translation rate, which are key in understanding mRNA translation.
The parameters nominated by this analysis are: mRNA transcription rate; mRNA degradation rate; protein translation rate.
The translation rate prediction model could become a useful tool for annotating the translation rate of mRNAs in large-scale.
The translation rate is seen to be strictly increasing (almost linear) with the probability of readthrough for both update rules, so are the average number of ribosomes on mRNA and most codon densities.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com